Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

In genetics, what is the significance of genes?

1. They determine cell metabolism

2. They are responsible for hereditary traits

3. They have no role in protein creation

4. They are only found in prokaryotic cells

The correct answer is: They are responsible for hereditary traits

Genes play a crucial role in heredity by serving as the fundamental units of inheritance. They are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Genes are passed from parents to offspring, determining hereditary traits such as physical characteristics, disease susceptibility, and various biochemical processes. The significance of genes in hereditary traits is evident in how they influence phenotypes, which are the observable characteristics of an organism. For instance, genes determine traits such as eye color, hair type, and even certain health conditions. The transmission of genes from one generation to another underlies the principles of genetics, including concepts like dominant and recessive traits. This understanding reinforces the importance of genes in biological inheritance, highlighting their role in contributing to the diversity of living organisms and ensuring continuity of genetic information across generations.