Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

What are mitochondria primarily known for?

1. Photosynthesis

2. Aerobic respiration

3. Protein synthesis

4. Cell division

The correct answer is: Aerobic respiration

Mitochondria are primarily known for their role in aerobic respiration, which is the process by which cells generate energy. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert the energy stored in glucose and other nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process requires oxygen, which is why it is termed aerobic respiration. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and are involved in various metabolic processes, including the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, both of which are crucial steps in aerobic respiration. The end result is the production of ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, highlighting the essential role mitochondria play in energy metabolism and overall cellular function. While the other options represent important biological processes, they do not accurately reflect the primary function of mitochondria. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, primarily in plant cells, while protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes. Cell division is a separate process managed by various organelles, including the nucleus and centrosomes.